日常英语中，“here”、“there”、“where”算得上是最基础的词汇了，它们的意思自不必多说。

但如果它们出现在英文合同中，你还能认识吗？

一眼看去，合同中尽是冗长紧密的句子，时不时穿插着“herein”、“thereby”、“whereof”这种看似面熟但实则陌生的单词。

其实，以“here”、“there”、“where”为词缀，后加介词，是法律文件中特有的制式英语。这些词看似晦涩难懂，但只要稍加分解，便能轻松理解。

‍

‍

Here + 介词

‍

在多数英文合同中，词缀“here”代表协议、合同等法律文件本身，因此，【“here”＋介词】的合成词就可以理解为【介词＋“this agreement”】。

‍

✏️ Hereafter 在本文件其余部分；以下

‍The Company, hereafter referred to as 'Seller,' agrees to provide the necessary technical support to the Buyer during the implementation phase of the project.

本公司（以下简称“卖方”）同意在项目实施阶段向买方提供必要的技术支持。

‍

✏️ Hereby 特此；以此

‍It is hereby certified on the basis of control carried out, that the declaration by the exporter is correct.

根据所实施的监管，兹证明上述出口商的申报正确。

‍

✏️ Herein 在此处；于此文件（或声明、事实）中

The parties agree to the terms and conditions herein, including but not limited to the payment schedule outlined in Section 2.

各方同意此处的条款和条件，包括但不限于第2节中概述的付款计划。

✏️ Herewith 随同此信（或书、文件）

Herewith we are sending you a written contract under seal in two copies.

兹寄上盖有印章的契约一式两份。

✏️ Hereto 到此为止；至此；于此

Parties hereto may revise or supplement through negotiation matters not mentioned herein.

本合同如有未尽事宜，双方可协商修订或补充。

‍

There + 介词

‍

在英文合同中，词缀“there”的指代内容需要根据合同上下文予以推定，故可以理解为“本合同或文件以外的文件或事项”。因此，【“there”＋介词】的合成词就可以理解为【介词＋“that agreement”】。

✏️ Thereafter 之后；此后；以后

The final section provides that any work produced for the company is thereafter owned by the company.

最后一节规定，此后为公司创作的一切作品均为该公司所有。

✏️ Therein 在那里，在其中（指提及的地点、物体、文件等）

The insurance policy covers the building and any fixtures contained therein.

保险单为这座大楼及其中所有的设施保了险。

✏️ Thereof 在其中；由此

The parties acknowledge the receipt of payment for the delivered goods and confirm the satisfactory quality thereof.

各方确认已收到交付货物的付款，并确认其质量令人满意。

✏️ Therefrom 由此；从那里

Your side will be held responsible for all the consequences arising therefrom.

由此产生的一切后果由你方负责。

‍

‍

Where +介词

‍

在英文合同中，可以把“where”理解为“which”，那么“where+介词”就代替“介词+which”，引导从句。

✏️ Whereby 凭此；借以；由于

A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.

买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人而买受人支付价款的合同。

✏️ Wherein 其中；在那里；在那种情况下；以什么方式

There are some schemes across the UK and EU wherein distributors and importers and retailers have various obligations to fund the recycling of these products.

英国和欧盟有一些计划， 其中分销商、进口商和零售商有各种义务为这些产品的回收提供资金。

✏️ Whereof 关于什么；关于那个

In WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Loan Agreement to be signed in its name as of the date above written.

有鉴于此，借款协议涉及的各方在规定日期签字确认上述条款。

✏️ Whereas （用于正式文件中句子的开头）鉴于

WHEREAS the parties mutually agree to accept and refer to the General Terms and Definitions as set out by INCOTERMS Edition 2000 with the latest amendments.

鉴此，买卖双方平等同意接受并参照《国际商会准则2000条款》的最新修改条款。

‍

这些新词，你学会了吗？

‍

This article is brought to you by Bluente.

Bluente is the world’s first business language services platform. We built a document translation tool where you get your translated documents in less than 2 minutes, retaining the same format of your file. Try it now at https://web.bluente.com/translate/tool/. We also we teach business languages (CN, ID, EN, ES) tailored for professionals through our mobile and web app. Find out more here: https://app.bluente.com/home/.